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West of Crowsnest Lake at the summit
of the pass the railway makes an abrupt swing to the south to follow the
south fork of Michel Creek for about two miles (3.25 km) to ease the gradient
on the tracks down the western slopes of the mountains. The tracks then
turn sharply back north and run along the west side of the valley to once
again head west towards Fernie. By swinging the right-of-way up Michel
Creek, the railway engineers were able to build the tracks to descend
200 feet (61 m) in elevation. The loops and the CPR station were named
for Donald McGillivray, an engineer and contractor who worked on this
section of line and on many other projects in British Columbia.
At the beginning of the loop, masonry
retaining walls are still part of the railway. Originally, wooden structures
were used to support the trackage but these were soon replaced by the
enduring masonry works. During the railway's construction, a tunnel was
planned at the beginning (upper end) of the loop. However, the materials
removed were so unstable that a diversion was built around the mountain
ridge so that the further construction and opening of the railway would
not be delayed. This detour route required four high timber trestles and
nearly half a mile (3/4 km) of track. In 1901, work began once again on
a tunnel, 900 feet (275 m) in length. The material was 'a huge heap of
loose gravel, the drift of some great glacier. The material is so loose
that it can only be compared to grain in a bin,' noted The Railway
and Shipping World in July 1901.
The engineers drove a timber lining horizontally
into the hillside and then excavated the loose materials from the inside
of the lining to form the tunnel. As materials were removed, a heavy timber
lining, made of one-foot (.3 m) square mountain fir timbers, spaced just
three inches (7.6 cm) apart, was installed to support the roof of the
tunnel under the heavy pressure of the overburden. Coal and some rock
was encountered and because of the unstable conditions, no explosives
could be used. The men worked by candle light as they dug through the
mountain ridge. Pay was 35 cents an hour. C. E. Cantlee was the engineer
in charge and Olaf Olsen was the contractor.
The tunnel was an expensive structure
to maintain and was bypassed by the railway in 1948 when a cut was made
through the ridge to permit the tracks to be rerouted.
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